backward(s)?

[yole.livejournal.com]

Скажите, а чем backwards отличается от backward? Когда правильно употреблять одно, а когда другое? Есть ли такое же различие между forward и forwards, а если нет, то почему?

(Вопрос более конкретный - есть менюшка для изменения Z-order объектов на картинке. В ней правильнее написать Send backwards или Send backward?)

Comments

[hotgiraffe.livejournal.com]

 ðîëè íàðå÷èÿ, íàñêîëüêî ÿ ïîíèìàþ, íè÷åì íå îòëè÷àåòñÿ, îñîáåííîñòè ñëîâîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ.
À ìåíþøêó ÿ á íàçâàë Send to back, íàâåðíîå.

[yole.livejournal.com]

Åñòü äâå îïåðàöèè - "îòïðàâèòü â ñàìûé êîíåö Z-order" è "îòïðàâèòü íà îäèí øàã âãëóáü Z-order". Ïåðâàÿ íàçûâàåòñÿ Send to back è ñîìíåíèé íå âûçûâàåò. À êàê áûòü ñî âòîðîé?

Re:

[hotgiraffe.livejournal.com]

ß á ñêàçàë "Bring (one layer) forward" è "Send (one layer) back".

Èç ëè÷íîãî îïûòà

[colorpages.livejournal.com]

 CorelXara ïåðåìåùåíèå îáúåêòà íà îäèí øàã âíóòðü Z-order íàçûâàåòñÿ Move backwards (â ñàìûé êîíåö -- Put to back).

Re: Èç ëè÷íîãî îïûòà

[soll.livejournal.com]

 íåé æå îáðàòíûå äåéñòâèÿ Bring Front (íà ñàìûé âåðõ) è Move Forwards (íà îäèí øàã ââåðõ)

[denik.livejournal.com]

 ïîçàâ÷åðàøíåì âûïóñêå WorldWideWords (http://www.worldwidewords.org):

Q. My question relates to words taking the suffix "-ward" to
indicate direction. My assumption has been that adding an "s" is
incorrect ("upwards" as opposed to "upward", "towards" rather than
"toward"), yet I see it being done often, even in reputable
publications such as The Atlantic Monthly and the New Yorker. My
hope is that you will clear this up and that I'll finally be able
to put aside this distraction and move forward (or even forwards)!
[Marlayna Slaughterbeck]

A. First off, the sense is exactly the same whether there's an "s"
on the end or not. And both forms are equally valid, though - as
you have found - usage varies quite a bit.

In American English, the forms without the final "s" are much more
common, at least in edited writing, and this is perhaps why you
have gained the impression that those with the "s" on the end are
incorrect.

British English is different. Over here, we tend to use the forms
without the "s" as adjectives ("she was a backward child"), and
those with the "s" as adverbs ("his car shot forwards"), though
we're not always consistent in this.

My guess is that, for a change, American English is being
influenced by British writers.

[at.livejournal.com]

ß ïðèìåðíî òàê æå õîòåë îòâåòèòü (êàê áðèòàíåö): backward è forward ìîãóò ñëóæèòü êàê íàðå÷èåì, òàê è ïðèëàãàòåëüíûì, ïðè÷åì çíà÷åíèå ïðèãàòåëüíîãî ìîæåò çíà÷èòåëüíî îòëè÷àòüñÿ îò ïðèâû÷íîãî ñìûñëà, ñâÿçàííîãî ñ óêàçàíèåì íàïðàâëåíèÿ:

- ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå backward ìîæåò îçíà÷àòü "îòñòàëûé" (íàïðèìåð, î ñòðàíå, îáùåñòâå èëè, êàê íàïèñàë íåïîëèòêîððåêòíûé àíãëè÷àíèí, î ÷åëîâåêå)
- ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå forward ìîæåò îçíà÷àòü "ïðÿìîé", "íàõàëüíûé" (You should not be so forward with women).

Íàðå÷èÿ backwards è forwards èñïîëüçóþòñÿ òîëüêî äëÿ óêàçàíèÿ íàïðàâëåíèÿ.

[yole.livejournal.com]

Óãó, âñåì ñïàñèáî çà îòâåòû. Ïîëó÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî â àìåðèêàíñêîì àíãëèéñêîì ðàçíèöà ìåæäó äâóìÿ âàðèàíòàìè íàñòîëüêî ìàëà, ÷òî çà÷àñòóþ îáà âàðèàíòà â îäíîì è òîì æå çíà÷åíèè óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ îäíîãî àáçàöà. Òàê ÷òî äîêîïàòüñÿ äî ãëóáèííîé ðàçíèöû âñå-òàêè íå ïîëó÷èëîñü. :-)