мода, маркетинг EN-RUS

[blancframboise.livejournal.com]

The sheer volume of production, often in developing markets, places pressure on suppliers, often resulting in poor practices and sub-sourcing strategies.
Despite company efforts to minimise their impact through initiatives such as organic cotton ...

Sub-sourcing - как можно перевести?

Слово likes в следующих контекстах не улавливаю:

However, developing a more agile retail system
could be viewed as direct competition to the likes
of Zara, which previously capitalised on initial demand after a fashion show, while fashion houses released designs six months later to a consumer
base that had moved on.

Despite considerable volume consumption in markets such as Germany and France, along
with substantial volume growth stemming from the likes of Turkey, recycled textile waste, which includes worn clothes, remains relatively flat.

Спасибо!

Comments

[aldor.livejournal.com]

sub-sourcing

отдача производства субподрядчикам

as direct competition to the likes of Zara

... прямую конкуренцию таким компаниям, как Zara

stemming from the likes of Turkey

... из таких стран как Турция

[lion-casserole.livejournal.com]

.
sub-sourcing - выполнение заказов неауторизованными поставщиками, тут имеется в виду, что заказ получает кто-то известный заказчику, а выполняет - неизвестно кто и непонятно с каким качеством.

[the] likes - это множественная форма существительного :

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/likes-of-someone-something